Is it possible to set

state_backend.uri

in

meltano.yml

on a per-environment level?

nope, can only be configured via an environment variable: https://github.com/meltano/meltano/issues/6846 thus rendering the whole idea of different environments via configuration effectively useless [to me at least]. I ended up configuring everything in .env files locally and expose the values to the environment on Airflow workers and schedulers.

Well, sounds like I'll be handling my environments the same way. No big deal 😊